What is Bowel Obstruction?

Bowel obstruction is a blockage in the small or large intestine. This blockage stops food, fluids, and gas from moving through the digestive tract. As a result, waste cannot leave the body as it should. In the United States, bowel obstruction is a common reason for emergency hospital visits. Although it can happen to anyone, some people face higher risks. Early treatment is important because a blockage can become life-threatening if ignored.

Common Symptoms of Bowel Obstruction

Recognizing bowel obstruction symptoms early can help you get the right care. While symptoms may vary, many people notice problems soon after the blockage starts. For example, you may feel pain or discomfort in your belly. Other signs can appear quickly or slowly, depending on the cause.

Severe belly pain or cramps

Swelling or bloating of the abdomen

Nausea and vomiting

Constipation or trouble passing gas

Loss of appetite

Feeling full quickly

Sometimes, symptoms can get worse over time. If you notice these signs, it is important to seek medical help.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are many causes of bowel blockage. Some are more common in adults, while others affect children. Knowing the causes can help you understand your risk.

Scar tissue from past surgeries (adhesions)

Hernias (when part of the intestine pushes through a weak spot)

Tumors or growths in the intestine

Twisting of the intestine (volvulus)

Intestine sliding into itself (intussusception)

Inflammatory bowel diseases, like Crohn’s disease

Severe constipation, especially in older adults

Additionally, some risk factors make bowel obstruction more likely. For instance, having abdominal surgery, certain medical conditions, or a family history can increase your risk.

How Bowel Obstruction is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose bowel obstruction. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they perform a physical exam. Often, they check your belly for swelling, pain, or unusual sounds. After that, tests help confirm the diagnosis.

X-rays: Show blockages or air in the intestine

CT scans: Give detailed images of the intestines

Blood tests: Check for infection or dehydration

Ultrasound: Sometimes used, especially in children

With these tools, doctors can find the cause and plan the best treatment.

Treatment Options

Treatment for bowel obstruction depends on the cause and severity. In some cases, the blockage may clear on its own with simple care. However, many people need medical treatment right away.

Hospital care: Doctors may give fluids through a vein to prevent dehydration.

Nasogastric tube: A thin tube may be placed through the nose into the stomach to remove fluids and gas.

Medications: Pain relief or medicine to treat the cause may be used.

Surgery: If the blockage is severe or caused by a tumor, scar tissue, or hernia, surgery may be needed.

Early treatment can prevent serious problems, such as infection or damage to the intestines.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While not all cases can be prevented, some steps may lower your risk of bowel obstruction. For example, healthy habits can keep your digestive system working well.

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fiber

Drink enough water each day

Stay active with regular exercise

Follow your doctor’s advice after abdominal surgery

Manage chronic conditions, such as Crohn’s disease

Moreover, knowing your personal risk factors can help you watch for early signs.

When to Seek Emergency Care

Bowel obstruction can become an emergency. Therefore, you should seek help right away if you notice:

Severe or sudden belly pain

Repeated vomiting, especially if it is green or yellow

Swelling or hardening of the abdomen

Fever with pain and vomiting

No bowel movements or gas for more than a day

These are emergency signs of bowel obstruction. Quick treatment can save your life. According to the CDC, untreated bowel obstruction can lead to serious complications.

If you suspect a bowel obstruction, seek emergency medical care immediately or consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.