What is Epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes repeated seizures. A seizure is a sudden burst of electrical activity in the brain. Because of this, people may lose awareness or control of their movements. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), epilepsy affects millions worldwide. Although anyone can develop epilepsy, it often starts in childhood or after age 60. Early understanding helps people manage epilepsy better.
Common Symptoms of Epilepsy
Epilepsy symptoms can vary from person to person. However, most people experience seizures as the main sign. Not all seizures look the same. For example, some people may stare blankly for a few seconds. Others may shake or twitch their arms and legs. In addition, some people may feel confused or tired after a seizure.
Because symptoms can be mild or severe, it is important to notice any changes and talk to a doctor.
Causes and Risk Factors
Epilepsy has many causes. Sometimes, doctors cannot find a clear reason. However, several factors can increase the risk of epilepsy. For instance, brain injuries or infections may trigger seizures. In some cases, genetics play a role. Additionally, stroke or brain tumors can lead to epilepsy, especially in older adults.
Because risk factors vary, knowing your own risks can help with early detection and care.
How Epilepsy is Diagnosed
Doctors use several steps in the epilepsy diagnosis process. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may order tests to check brain activity. For example, an EEG (electroencephalogram) records electrical signals in the brain. In addition, brain scans like MRI or CT can help find the cause of seizures.
Because early diagnosis leads to better care, see a doctor if you notice seizure symptoms.
Emergency Management of Seizures
Seizure first aid is important for everyone to know. If someone has a seizure, stay calm and follow these steps. First, move them to a safe place. Next, turn them gently onto their side. This helps keep the airway clear. Do not put anything in their mouth. Instead, remove sharp objects nearby. After the seizure, stay with the person until they are fully alert.
Because quick action can prevent injury, knowing emergency seizure care is vital.
Treatment Options
Epilepsy treatment depends on the type and cause of seizures. Most people take daily medicines to control seizures. These are called anti-seizure drugs. For some, surgery may help if medicines do not work. In addition, special diets, like the ketogenic diet, can help some children. Because each person is different, doctors create a plan that fits your needs.
Although treatment may not cure epilepsy, it can help most people live normal lives.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
Living with epilepsy can be easier with healthy habits. For example, taking medicine on time helps prevent seizures. In addition, getting enough sleep and managing stress are important. Because flashing lights can trigger seizures in some people, avoid them if possible. You can also wear a medical alert bracelet. This helps others know what to do during a seizure.
Because prevention is key, follow your doctor’s advice and make healthy choices.
When to Seek Emergency Help
Sometimes, seizures need emergency care. For instance, call for help if a seizure lasts longer than five minutes. Also, get help if the person does not wake up or has trouble breathing. If someone is injured during a seizure, seek care right away. In addition, if it is their first seizure, call emergency services.
Because quick action saves lives, do not wait to get help in these situations.
If you or someone you know experiences seizures, consult a healthcare professional or visit the nearest emergency department for personalized advice.